This can only be described in generalised rules – but remember that some guitars will have characteristics that don’t follow these typical norms.     In draft.
When comparing two guitars otherwise constructed in a very similar, the cedar will:-
– have a warmer, possibly darker sound
– have a little more power and volume
– may have a little less treble sustain
– may have a less clear, less focussed sound
– may have more overtones around the central note
– may sound more open; more ready to go than the spruce, when new

Conversely, the spruce guitar:-
– may have not such a warm sound
– may not be quite as loud; particularly at first
– may have more treble sustain; particularly when played in
– may have greater clarity and separation
– may have a more pure, clean sound
– may feel a bit stiff and tight in the treble; particularly when new
– will change more with playing in